The ear is examined in three parts:
1. Outer Ear
2. Middle Ear
3. Inner Ear
(PICTURE)
1. OUTER EAR:
/> It is the part of the ear that reaches the pinna and the eardrum. Its main function is to collect sound waves and direct them to the canal and eardrum. It is 3.5-4 cm long from the entrance. There are glands near the entrance, and this secretion is popularly known as earwax.
Hearing losses that occur during external ear canal diseases are temporary and can be treated.
2. MIDDLE EAR:
This is a chamber filled with air. The window of the room is the eardrum, which is a flexible structure. The door that allows air to enter the room is the Eustachian canal, one end of which extends to the nasal cavity, that is, connects the middle ear cavity and the nasal passage. The Eustachian tube opens with swallowing movements, allowing air to enter the ear.
There are 3 ossicles attached to each other behind the eardrum, respectively: the HAMMER bone, which is attached to the membrane, then the ANVI bone, and finally the Stirrup bone. Stirrup is the first and smallest bone of our body to be developed in the womb.
The sound wave coming from outside makes the eardrum vibrate. This vibration is transferred to the inner ear by the ossicles in the middle ear.
Hearing losses that occur during middle ear diseases can be treated completely or partially with medications or surgery.
3. INNER EAR:
The inner ear consists of two parts: Hearing Center and Balance Center. These two sections are connected to each other at certain points. The inner ear is a system of channels (tubes) located in the temporal bone and this system is filled with a special fluid. There are sensory nerve endings in the hearing and balance center. In other words, it is actually a nerve tissue that is a continuation of the brain. Nervous tissue is a tissue that has little healing ability when damaged.
A. Hearing center: (Snail)
This is the part where sound vibrations coming from the middle ear are perceived by vibrating hair cells, converted into electrical energy and transferred to the auditory nerve. The resulting electrical energy is sent to the hearing center in the brain by the auditory nerve. When the inner ear nerve tissue is damaged, hearing loss is usually permanent. (Losses noticed very early sometimes require medication treatment.)
As a result of inner ear damage, hearing loss and tinnitus (in the form of buzzing or high-pitched sound) occur. can be corrected using devices.
B.Balance Center: (Labyrinth)
This is a closed system of liquid-filled tubes, consisting of two balance chambers and three semicircular canals. This center enables us to balance on two legs and quickly adapt to new positions during changing movements. The balance centers of both ears move symmetrically relative to each other during movement.
When the balance center is stimulated or damaged, dizziness called VERTIGO occurs. Vertigo is a rotational dizziness in which the person thinks that he or his surroundings are spinning. Sometimes it can be very mild, and sometimes it can be a severe attack accompanied by nausea, vomiting and cold sweats. In other words, vertigo is not a disease, but a symptom and indicates that the problem is in the inner ear. Vertigo can sometimes be healed spontaneously, sometimes with the help of some medications, sometimes with some head movements (maneuvers), and sometimes with surgery. Even if the damage to the inner ear is permanent, it usually heals completely as the balance center in the other ear takes over over time. If damage occurs in both balance centers, permanent balance problems will occur.
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