Biomechanics of Intrusion in Orthodontics
Orthodontic intrusion is the vertical movement of teeth towards the jawbone. It is a technique used in dentistry to correct deep bites, improve occlusion and create space for restorations. Intrusion can also be used in some cases to treat gingival smiles and prevent jaw surgery.
The biomechanics of intrusion in orthodontics involves applying an upward force to the tooth using a wire, elastics or other orthodontic appliances. This force is transferred to the periodontal ligament surrounding the tooth root and to the alveolar bone. The pressure causes resorption of the bone and upward movement of the tooth.
The design of the initial archwire and the selection of appropriate materials are critical to a successful intrusion. The archwire must be strong enough to resist deformation while having sufficient flexibility to apply a sustained, long-term force without breaking. Materials used for intrusion archwire include stainless steel, titanium-molybdenum alloy, and nickel-titanium alloy.
Intrusion can also be achieved through the use of temporary anchor devices (TADs). TADs are small screws or plates surgically placed in the bone to provide stable anchorage for the orthodontic appliance.
It is important to monitor tooth movement and the amount of force applied during intrusion. Applying too much force to the tooth can damage root resorption and the periodontium. Routine radiographic monitoring can help detect adverse effects of intrusion.
Consequently, the biomechanics of intrusion in orthodontics involves applying an upward force to the tooth using a well-designed intrusion archwire or TAD. Appropriate material selection, careful monitoring and patient compliance are essential for successful intervention and prevention of adverse effects. Consultation with a qualified specialist is recommended for optimal treatment planning and implementation.
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