Hip Impingement Syndrome (Femoroacetabular impingement (FAS) or femoroacetabular impingement) is a mechanical hip disease and is caused by factors that increase contact between the structures that make up the hip joint (femoral head and acetabulum). There are two main reasons for this increased contact: Tear of the "Labrum", which are meniscus-like structures in the knee, or pathologies of the hip socket called acetabulum (Pincer type) and malfunction of the femoral head anatomy (Cam type). The most common condition is observed when these two causes coexist (Mixed type).
This disease often begins with groin pain in young adults, and may increase in movements after long walks or long sitting. Over time, the pain may start from the groin and spread towards the back of the hip in a half-moon shape. Over time, hip joint movements decrease due to pain. First of all, the history of the patient's existing complaints and, if any, previous trauma, surgery or other previous illnesses is taken. Afterwards, the patient is evaluated with anterior and posterior compression tests in addition to the classical hip joint examination. In patients with clinical suspicion, diagnosis can be made by radiography, CT and MRI.
In patients diagnosed with hip impingement syndrome, primarily conservative, i.e. surgical, external methods are tried in the early period. Weaning, medical treatment and physiotherapy provide clinical improvement in these patients. Surgical treatment can be performed with open (safe dislocation) or closed (hip arthroscopy) methods in patients who do not benefit from conservative treatment or in patients with mechanical problems.
Hip arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgery compared to open surgery. Compared to knee arthroscopy, it is technically more difficult and the procedures that can be performed are more limited than those for the knee. During the application, the patient lies on his back and the leg is pulled on the traction table with a certain weight, making the joint both visible and operable. Afterwards, devices are inserted into the hip joint through two or three one-centimeter incisions and surgery is performed. Depending on the extent of the pathology in the hip joint, minimal open surgery may be needed in some patients. Necrosis of the hip joint head, femoral neck fracture and temporary nerve injury complications due to traction
Which complaints are seen?
- Pain often concentrated around the hip joint,
- Decrease in hip movements and limping,
- The amount of hip joint movement decreases over time due to pain
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