Schema Therapy, developed by Jeffrey Young, deals with the reflections of experiences that extend to childhood and sometimes adolescence, and the experiences of the acquired knowledge on the adult period. However, Schema Therapy deals with the negative of these reflections, the discordant ones. The schema is the smallest functionally injured part of the psyche.
For the last twenty years, schema therapy has been a current psychotherapy model that has brought itself to the fore and achieved positive results. It is holistic. It grew by incorporating the most important elements of all the schools before it. These; Psychoanalytic Therapy is many schools, especially Object Relations Theory and Attachment, Interpersonal Relations Therapy, Cognitive Therapy, Behavioral Therapy. Being holistic allows him to deal with the problems from a multi-dimensional and broad perspective. Over time, a person activates the equipment to have knowledge and learns and realizes his processing potential. This information he has acquired now forms the person's schemas. A person has a schema for everything in his life. Thanks to those schemas, everything or everyone we encounter after the first experience has a value and meaning as formed in our minds. We group the things we experience in our minds, we code the things that will enable us to distinguish them from each other.
Negative, maladaptive schemas are the area of interest of Schema Therapy. Schema; It is the most basic negative psychological structure of man. In fact, according to Schema Therapy, whatever we are experiencing negatively at the moment is based on our injured schema or schemas. In other words, the person has experienced an experience before and has learned to cope with this schema that he has created as a result of his experiences until a certain time. That is, if there are maladaptive behaviors or thoughts, attitudes, he tries to look for their basis in the client's early childhood experiences and tries to make sense of the wearing processes in early childhood or adolescence. .
Because of negative experiences in schema therapy There is a reassessment of the resulting schemas. These maladaptive schemas detected in the past can also be updated with an effective therapy process and the right expert support. The schemas can be updated continuously. The emergence of maladaptive schemas is affected by whether the individual's ongoing needs from the moment he opens his eyes to the world are not met. Individuals have needs such as care needs, basic trust, consistency, continuity, healthy competition, acceptance, approval, autonomy, creating a consistent and healthy perception of identity, playing games, role playing, and spontaneity. According to schema therapy, these needs are universal. Our schemas occur when these needs are not met or exceeded, that is, when the balance is lost. These schemas or schemas formed prevent individuals from coping with any situation they encounter in the future. Generally, individuals whose needs cannot be met at a young age are not aware of what or what is missing in their lives. For this reason, they are dragged in pursuit of a need that cannot be satisfied all the time. The results of the deficiencies created by the unmet needs in the individual are experienced. Generally, these results are painful and difficult for individuals to adapt. According to Schema Therapy, a psychologically healthy person is a person who can meet these needs appropriately. It is checked whether he harms himself or his surroundings and the people around him. If maladaptive behaviors are present and continue, it is useful to consult with a schema therapy specialist and to get support from their experts.
Jeffrey Young has gathered the schemas under 5 areas and 18 fish. Fields:
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I – Field of Separation and Exclusion(Rejection):
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II – Impaired Freedom (Impaired Autonomy and Ability to Do Business) Domain:
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III - Impaired/Weak Boundaries Domain:
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IV – Other Orientation Area:
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V – Area of Hypersensitivity and Suppression:
He divided the diagrams under the areas as follows; strong>
I – Area of Separation and Exclusion(Rejection):
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Abandonment Scheme:
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Skepticism/Abuse Chart:
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Emotional Deprivation Chart:
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Imperfection/Shame Chart:
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Social Isolation (Isolation/Alienation) Scheme:
II – Injured Freedom (Degraded Autonomy and Alienation) Doing Business) Field:
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Addiction/Disability Chart:
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Irritability Chart:
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Attachment (Underdeveloped Self) Chart:
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Failure Chart:
III – Area of Damaged/Weak Boundaries:
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Righteousness/Gloriousness:
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Insufficient Self-Control Chart:
IV – Field of Other Orientation:
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Submission/Withdrawal Diagram:
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Self Sacrifice Scheme:
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Confirmation Seeking Scheme:
V – Area of Hypersensitivity and Suppression:
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Pessimism/Inability to Worry:
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Suppressing Emotions/ Excessive Responsibility Scheme:
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High (Brutal) Standards/Over-Critique Scheme:
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Punishment (Ruthlessness) Chart:
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Schema Therapy is characterized by relationship problems, performance anxiety, inability to enter crowded environments, constant abandonment in relationships, doubting everyone, difficulty in expressing oneself, constantly believing that one has made a mistake, chronic depression and depression. anxiety, eating disorders, chronic couple problems with repetitive cycles…etc. It mainly deals with problems such as First of all, whether people who apply to a specialist for their psychological problems are suitable for schema therapy are evaluated accurately and in detail by the specialist. If the client is eligible to work with Schema Therapy, the process begins.
At the end of the schema therapy process, individuals leave the basis of their problems, that is, their schemas that cause them. However, over time, other problems may recur. In this case, the client can manage himself with what he learned from the Schema Therapy support he received. If she cannot cope with her incompatible processes again, she can still get support from her specialist.
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