The thyroid gland is a tissue located on both sides of the trachea in the anterior part of the neck and provides the production of thyroid hormones. Thyroid hormones are essential for fetal brain development and skeletal maturation. In adults, it is essential for regulating the body's metabolic rate. The production of thyroid hormones is controlled by hormones secreted by the pituitary and hypothalamus glands. family history of thyroid cancer, genetics (MEN-2) and female gender.
Thyroid cancers differentiated cancers (papillary cancer (80%), follicular cancer (10%) )), undifferentiated cancers (medullary cancer (5%), anaplastic cancer (1%)) and others (lymphoma, sarcoma, metastasis). Although the diagnosis and treatment approach is similar, there are also differences. and difficulty breathing. Thyroid hormone levels are usually normal.
When a nodule is detected in the thyroid gland by physical examination, ultrasonography should be evaluated and thyroid hormone levels should be evaluated. After demonstrating the presence of the nodule, it should be evaluated with tissue diagnosis by fine needle aspiration biopsy. Again, thyroid scintigraphy can be performed to evaluate thyroid nodules. Computed tomography and MRI examination may be required in large and fixed tumors.
The main treatment for thyroid cancers is surgery, and lymph nodes should be removed, if necessary, together with thyroidectomy in surgery. After surgical treatment, radioactive iodine treatment (papillary and partially follicular cancers) can be arranged according to the type of tumor. Radiotherapy, on the other hand, can be applied to tumors that cannot be removed or bone metastases.
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