Infertility Symptoms, Causes, Treatments

Infertility Symptoms, Causes, Treatments

What is Infertility?

Infertility ; infertility among the public, pregnancy within 1 year despite regular unprotected sexual intercourse is a non-occurrence. The probability of infertility in the community is 15%. Even if healthy couples have regular intercourse, the rate of conception within 1 year is about 85%. For this reason, it can be expected to apply child treatment for up to 1 year in women who have regular menstruation, have no known health problems, have not undergone surgery, and have not passed the age of 35. If we examine the causes of infertility, 30-40% male causes, 35-40% female causes, 15% both male and female problems together, no problems are detected in 15% couples infertility (infertility) that cannot be explained to this group. It is called .

What are the signs of infertility?

It is the state of not having pregnancy and childbirth despite having regular, unprotected sex. Apart from this, there are important factors that increase the probability of female infertility. Semen problems, testicular pain, undescended testis history, mumps, sexually transmitted infections can also be factors in  Male infertility. Obesity, smoking, alcohol habits, stress can be the cause of infertility for both men and women.

What are the causes and causes of infertility?

Causes of infertility depend on 50% women and 50% men

Infertility is the condition of not getting pregnant despite 1 year of regular intercourse without protection. The incidence of infertility is 15%. About 35% of the causes of infertility belong to women, 30% to men, 15% to both couples, and 15% to couples whose cause cannot be found.

What are the causes of female infertility?

Woman Causes of infertility;

Ovulation problems, such as polycystic ovary syndrome, decrease in ovarian reserve, decrease in egg quality due to advanced age, previous surgeries, sexually transmitted diseases Causes such as damage and adhesion of the tubes with infections, presence of structures such as polyps and fibroids affecting the inner lining of the uterus, endometriosis disease, obesity, smoking and alcohol habits, stress can be counted. Some causes of infertility can be corrected with lifestyle changes, diet, drug therapy, and minor operations without the need for IVF treatment.

Ovulation problems;

It is the most common cause of infertility in women. In ovulation problems, it is the absence of ovulation or infrequent ovulation, otherwise the egg is of poor quality. Infrequent or absent periods means that ovulation is equally infrequent or absent. Polycystic ovary disease is the most common cause of ovulation problem at reproductive age. Sometimes, even if the periods are very regular, there may be ovulation problems. Apart from that, as the age of the expectant mother increases, the probability of getting pregnant decreases as the egg quality decreases.

Causes of infertility in the tubes;

Partly or completely clogged tubes can also be a cause of infertility. The tubes are responsible for catching the egg, forming the embryo and transporting the embryo to the uterus. There may be many reasons such as previous infections that disrupt the structure of the tubes, sexually transmitted infections, surgeries, and endometriosis disease.

Reasons related to the structure of the uterus;

Congenital structural problems in the uterus structure, abortion , postpartum interventions, post-infection adhesions, fibroids that impair embryo attachment, and polyps. conditions, and sometimes the presence of antibodies that affect the passage of sperm may be the cause of infertility involving the cervix.

What are the causes of the male?

Most of the male causes are urologically treatable problems. Therefore, if the cause of infertility is a male problem, the patient should be treated with a urologist. The test that will be requested from the man when the first couple applies for infertility is semen analysis.

Causes of male infertility; as varicocele, duct obstruction, mumps and sexually transmitted infections, some congenital chromosomal diseases such as klinifelter, genetic diseases affecting the production and function of sperm, habits such as smoking and alcohol. When male infertility is detected, the patient should consult an experienced urologist. In some groups of patients, the male's reproductive ability can be regained by medication or surgery without the need for IVF treatment.

The causes of male infertility when a problem is detected in semen analysis:

• Varicocele % 40

• Unexplained 20%

• Congestion 15%

• Cryptorchidism 3.5%

• Immunological 2.5%

• Ejaculate disorder 1.3%

• Testicular failure 1.3%

• Toxins %1

• Hormonal disorder %1

• Infection 1%

In addition to these, there are also many rarer causes such as sexual dysfunction, systemic disease, genetics, testicular cancer. .

Types of Infertility Treatment

In Vitro Fertilization Treatment; In our clinic in Ankara, double treatment process, IVF success, drugs used before starting IVF treatment Adequate information about the cost should be given. If there are questions, necessary explanations to address the concerns and psychological counseling can be provided if necessary.

The ovarian stimulation treatment is similar to the previous vaccination and drug treatment, but egg follow-up is done more frequently. At the 36th hour after the cracking needle, the egg collection we call OPU is performed. Egg collection is performed under general anesthesia. The patient sleeps before the procedure and is awakened after the procedure. Therefore, he does not feel any pain during the egg collection process. Afterwards, inguinal pain may be minimal.

Depending on the condition of the embryos, the transfer process is performed on the 3rd or 5th day. In IVF treatment, embryo transfer is a painless procedure. The patient's bladder should be full during this procedure.

Insemination Treatment; In the ovulation period of inoculation, the sperm of the man is taken and prepared with special techniques, then the uterus It is the process of injecting into m with a cannula. It can be considered before IVF treatment in suitable patients.

In women; 1-Endometriosis 2-Mild Tubal Adhesion -3 In patients with unexplained infertility and failure with ovulation induction for 4-6 months. In men; 1- If the total motile sperm count is >10 million and the normal morphology rate is >14%, the prognosis is very good. 2- If the total motile sperm count is <1 million and the normal morphology rate is 4%, the prognosis is poor and direct IVF / ICSI can be tried.

Infertility Treatment in Men; Infertility in men is the inability to conceive despite one year of regular, unprotected intercourse. The incidence of infertility is 15% of all married couples. The role of the male in infertility is 50%, 30% alone and 20% together with the female factor.

Infertility Terms

Primary infertility; Couples who have never been pregnant.
Secondary infertility; It is the condition of not getting pregnant despite regular unprotected intercourse in the last 1 year.

Healthy menstruating healthy The probability of a woman getting pregnant in 1 month is 25%. The highest probability of getting pregnant is around the age of 25 in women. After the age of 30, this rate starts to decrease and the decrease in the probability of pregnancy after the age of 38 shows a rapid acceleration in the negative direction. For this reason, when evaluating couples, the age of the expectant mother is very important in determining the start of the treatment process.

What is required for a woman in the formation of a healthy pregnancy?

The formation of a healthy pregnancy in women depends on the proper and harmonious functioning of all reproductive structures. . Disruption at any point of this system may put pregnancy formation or the continuation of pregnancy at risk.

• Proper functioning of the hypothalamus, pituitary and ovarian hormonal axis,

• Healthy ovulation process in the ovaries,

• Capture of eggs in the tubes and fertilization with sperm, the resulting embryo reaching the uterus through the tube,

• Embryonic attachment to the uterine wall.

The problem that occurs in any of these structures prevents the formation of a healthy pregnancy and causes infertility. Pregnancy occurs every 28 days It is approximately the 14th day in menstruating women. The day of ovulation is found by counting back 14 days from the day of menstruation in irregular menstruation. In other words, if there is a menstrual period in 35 days, the patient will ovulate on the 21st day. Why is this important? The egg released by ovulation maintains its ability to be fertilized for an average of 24 hours in the environment. If a healthy sperm does not reach the egg during this time, pregnancy does not occur. The duration of sperm in the environment is 3-5 days.

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