Adrenal glands, also known as adrenal glands, are adrenal glands located in the upper poles of both kidneys, weighing 4-6 grams but secreting very important hormones.
Two regions of the adrenal glands are divided into cortex and medulla. The cortex region also has 3 layers that secrete different hormones. Whichever area or layer is diseased, diseases develop due to excess or absence of hormones synthesized in that area.
Pheochromocytoma is a serious disease that causes hypertension, facial flushing, heart disorders and palpitations due to excessive secretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline hormones that develop from the adrenal medulla. In the treatment, the diseased gland is removed after a few days of preliminary preparation that requires hospitalization. Nowadays, the surgery is preferably performed laparoscopically. Hypertensive crisis may occur during surgery. The surgery is performed by taking the necessary precautions by the anesthesiologist.
A condition called Cusing Syndrome may develop due to excessive cortisone release from the adrenal cortex. Fat in the back area, hypertension, red-purple stretch marks (striae) in many parts of the body, menstrual irregularity, blood sugar imbalance, diabetes, hirsutism, facial appearance and redness, hair loss, acne, osteoporosis may develop. During surgery, the diseased gland is preferably removed laparoscopically (Laparoscopic adrenalectomy).
Conn Syndrome develops as a result of excessive aldosterone hormone release from the adrenal cortex. Since aldosterone maintains the retention of sodium and excretion of potassium in the body, hypertension due to excess sodium, headache, and weakness and muscle weakness caused by electrolyte imbalance develop. Laparoscopic adrenalectomy is the first choice surgery in this case.
For cancers of the adrenal glands and cancers that have metastasized to the adrenal glands, wide removal of the adrenal glands with open surgery is the first preferred method.
Read: 0
