Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) is a benign enlargement of the prostate that increases with aging in men and causes obstructive and compelling urination symptoms.
BPH evokes different meanings for the pathologist, radiologist, clinician and patient. While for the pathologist it means the microscopic diagnosis of cellular proliferation of the stromal and epithelial elements of the prostate, for the radiologist it means detecting an enlargement of the prostate in ultrasonography or three-dimensional imaging, for the clinician it means the enlargement of the prostate gland with obstruction in the bladder outlet leading to increased urination pressure and low urine flow. For the patient, BPH is a clinical condition that negatively affects the quality of life.
The incidence increases with age, and autopsy series show that this rate is 20% in the 40s, 50% in the 50s, and 80% in the 80s. It can reach up to 90%.
The most common complaints in symptomatic patients can be listed as frequent urination, nocturia (frequent urination at night), decrease in urine flow, interrupted urination, post-void dribbling and insufficient bladder emptying. Burning when urinating and blood in the urine are clinical conditions that we do not frequently encounter in isolated BPH, but can be seen in the presence of other diseases.
Although the etiology is not fully understood, it is thought to be under the control of endocrine factors and multifactorial.
American Urological Association Symptom Index or International Prostate Symptom Score are tests that can be used to screen patients. Although there is no blood test to confirm the diagnosis of BPH, prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels may also increase in prostate gland infection, prostate cancer and bladder catheterization. Digital rectal examination and transrectal ultrasonography are the preferred diagnostic methods.
Treatment in individuals with BPH can be carried out in four ways. We can list these treatment methods as follows; lifestyle changes, medical treatment, phytotherapy, surgical treatment.
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