The lower back is the center of gravity of the body and is a region that moves frequently and therefore is subject to frequent trauma.
Pains originate from the vertebrae, the pads called discs, the short, flexible ligaments that hold the vertebrae in place, the tendons connecting the muscle to the bone, the spine and the spine. It can be caused by the muscles that support the body.
Sometimes it can occur suddenly due to an accident, fall, or lifting something heavy, or it can develop slowly due to age-related degenerative changes in the spine.
In some cases, inflammatory arthritis disorders or other medical conditions cause back pain.
Symptoms of low back pain can come on suddenly or gradually. Sometimes the pain appears after a certain event, such as bending over to pick up something, sneezing, coughing. Other times, you may not know what is causing the pain. The pain is usually worse in certain positions (such as bending over) and better when you lie down. It may be difficult to move or straighten your lower back. It may take some time to get up from your seat. The pain may radiate to one of the legs, accompanied by numbness and a feeling of spasm.
Pain may be acute or chronic. Acute pain begins suddenly and lasts up to 6 weeks. Chronic or long-term pain develops over a longer period of time, lasts more than 3 months, and causes ongoing problems.
Who gets back/low back pain?
<For those who are not physically fit: For example, weak back and abdominal muscles may not support the spine properly. Back pain is also more likely if you do strenuous exercise after a period of inactivity (in moderation).
Weight gain: High-calorie diet combined with a sedentary lifestyle and a fatty diet can lead to obesity. This can put stress on the back.
Job-related risk factors: Works that require heavy lifting, pushing, pulling or twisting can injure the back. A desk job can also play a role, especially if you have poor posture or sit in an uncomfortable chair all day.
Stress level: Your chronically poor sleep, depression or if you have anxiety, back pain may be more frequent and more severe. low social support , job dissatisfaction, low educational attainment, and socioeconomic status were found to be causes of pain in some publications. It becomes common.
Nutrition: It is one of the predisposing factors as inflammatory foods (waste foods) will be prone to inflation.
When it is necessary to see a doctor;
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You should see a doctor if your pain does not improve after a few weeks or if any of the following symptoms occur with your back pain:
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Numbness and tingling.
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Severe low back pain that does not improve with medication (see Treatment section).
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Low back pain after a fall or injury.
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With low back pain:
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Problem urinating
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Weakness, pain or numbness in your legs.
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Fever.
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Unwanted weight loss.
What are the causes of low back pain;
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Sprain: Strain of ligaments (connecting different bones) often occurs due to improper bending or lifting.
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Strain
strong> : Injury of a muscle or tendon. -
Degenerative disc disease: aging causes the discs between the vertebrae of the spine to break down. It is associated with other degenerative changes in the spine, such as arthritis or spinal stenosis.
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Herniated or ruptured discs: A herniated disc can cause it to compress and irritate nearby nerves. This usually occurs at the lumbar level, but can also be found in the cervical spine.
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Spondylolisthesis: a vertebra in the spine slips out of place or gradually becomes out of alignment
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Spinal stenosis: Narrowing of the spinal canal that puts pressure on the spinal cord and nerves.
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Fractured vertebra: Bones in the spine can break during an accident such as a car accident or a fall. ba Certain conditions increase the risk of fractures such as spondylosis or osteoporosis).
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Scoliosis and other congenital changes in the spine
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Myofascial pain : Tension and pain in the muscles that support the spine as a result of muscle damage or nerve input from the spine to the muscles.
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Inflammatory Causes:
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Ankylosing spondylitis is a specific type of arthritis of the spine.
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Other types of inflammatory arthritis of the spine.
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Other medical conditions that cause pain :
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Osteoporosis, which can lead to painful fractures of the vertebrae
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Fibromyalgia, generalized muscle pain and fatigue.
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Kidney stones or infections.
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Endometriosis, which is the accumulation of uterine tissue outside of the uterus.
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Infections involving the bones of the spine or the discs between these bones, which can cause back pain.
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In rare cases, tumors that develop in the spine or other parts of the back.
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Pregnancy.
In some cases, lower back Identifying the cause of pain can be difficult. If the source of the pain is not clearly known, it is important to relieve pain and avoid surgical interventions. Chronic pain; It is important for the physical, psychological and social well-being of the person. to chronic pain; anxiety, depression, anger, fatigue, fear of movement and chronic pain. This, in turn, can affect the patient's experience of pain and recovery. Some studies show that pain sensitivity is higher if there is a limited social environment and low self-efficacy. Conversely, positive affect and positive relationships with the social environment can reduce the risk and severity of pain.
Treatment options for low back pain other than surgery :
*Physical therapy: It is the basis of chronic back and low back pain treatment. It is one of the first treatments that should be tried before applying to surgical departments. Since the same exercise set may not work for everyone, it should be chosen specifically for the individual's situation. Maintaining the exercise routine at home is an important part of success.
*Exercise therapy
*Testing pain tolerance,
* Posture training
* Stretching and exercise exercises
* Aerobic exercises
* To strengthen the trunk.
* Meditation, yoga, thai chi and other cognitive relaxation strategies
* Diet: Trans fats, refined sugars, and processed foods in particular contribute to pain because they cause both weight gain and inflammation. An anti-inflammatory diet is important in treatment success.
* Life Changes: smoking is known to delay healing and increase pain. It is important to manage psychological factors and stress in life, activities such as relaxing exercises, hobbies, outdoor walks, recognizing what causes pain, avoiding heavy lifting, regulating posture.
* Injections: nerve blocks, epidural steroid injections, neural therapy can be used. It is important to use them when the source of the pain is known. Injections can sometimes relieve pain for a certain period of time. A holistic approach to the cause(s) is important.
* Alternative Treatments: Acupuncture, dry needling, trigger point injections, neural therapy, massage, manipulation treatments can be used.
* Pharmacological Treatments: Analgesics, muscle relaxants, anti-inflammatory drugs
Can I prevent low back pain?
Is it caused by disease or structural damage to the spine? You cannot prevent back pain caused by problems. But you can avoid injuries that cause back pain.
To reduce your risk of back injury, you should:
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Maintain a healthy weight: Excessive weight, It puts pressure on the vertebrae and discs.
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Strengthen your abs: Pilates and other exercises strengthen the core muscles that support the spine.
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Lift correctly: Raise with your legs (not your back) to avoid injury. Keep heavy objects close to your body. Avoid turning your torso while lifting. Work.
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Regulate your diet to be anti-inflammatory.
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Into your life
- strong>include activities where you can manage stress. Practice breathing and relaxation exercises.
When should surgery be an option?
Research has found that surgery for low back pain is rare.
In a person with a herniated disc,
* especially if there is persistent pain and nerve compression,
* caused weakness in the legs, decreased muscle strength,
* If there is urinary incontinence and numbness around the anus (cauda equina send.), surgery may be an option.
Progressive nerve damage and cauda equina if clinical symptoms of patients with large LDH have improved after treatment less likely to develop the syndrome. Conservative treatment may be preferred in giant disc herniation as long as there is no progressive nerve damage or cauda equina syndrome.
Larger-scale, double-blind, randomized, controlled studies are required to examine the phenomenon of spontaneous contraction of LDH. Keywords: Lumbar, disc herniation, spontaneous resorption, conservative treatment, incidence, country, meta-analysis, systematic review, observational studies, study designs.
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