It is possible to categorize orthodontic anomalies under two main headings as skeletal anomalies and dental anomalies.
SKELETAL ANOMALIES
The relationship between the lower and upper jaw bones with each other and with the skull base. Orthodontic anomalies of skeletal origin occur as a result of the disruption of their relations.
Skeletal Anomalies in the Anterior-Posterior Direction
Skeletal class I anomaly:In this anomaly, the lower While the position of the upper jaw relative to each other is normal, their position relative to the skull base is forward or backward. In addition, there may be combinations of various intra- and inter-jaw dental anomalies without any anomaly in the bone base. Although it is primary, it can also be a combination of the two situations. Individuals have a convex profile.
Skeletal class III anomaly:In this anomaly, the lower jaw is forward relative to the skull base or the upper jaw is Although it is behind the head rule, the two situations can also occur together. Individuals have a concave profile.
Skeletal Anomalies in Vertical Direction
Skeletal Deep Bite strong>: In this anomaly, the vertical development of the jaws is insufficient and the lower third of the face appears shorter.
Skeletal Open Bite:In this anomaly, the vertical development of the jaws is excessive and the lower third of the face appears longer. In these cases, both frontal and lateral open bite may occur, as well as only frontal open bite. For example, in case of closing, only the lower and upper second molars are in contact, and all other teeth may show open bite.
DENTAL ANOMALIES
Intra-Jaw Anomalies
Excess space (Diastema):If there is more than enough space in a dental arch for all teeth to line up properly, there is a gap between the teeth. intervals may occur. The space between two adjacent teeth in a jaw is called "diastema". Diastema is most commonly seen between the upper central incisors. The causes of diastemas formed in this region are: Mostly, the connective tissue attachment called lip frenilum is long.
Crowding:If the jawbone If there is not enough space for all the teeth to line up properly, the teeth will be arranged in a crowded, crooked manner. Teeth turning and eruption in different positions may be observed. Interjaw Anomalies: Here, there are abnormal mutual relations of the lower and upper teeth, tooth groups or dental arches.
Anomalies in the Anterior-Posterior Direction. (Angle Classification)
Angle Class I Anomaly (class I malocclusion):Angle class I anomalies have normal class I closure. Lack of space and excess space may be observed in the lower and upper dental arches. Open bite can be seen in the vertical direction and lateral cross bite can be seen in the right-left (transversal) direction.
Angle Class II Anomaly (class II malocclusion): Compared to normal bite (class I), upper six years of age If the lower six-year-old teeth are positioned further back than the lower teeth, it means there is an Angle class II bite. In Angle class II bite, the upper teeth are shifted forward by one premolar width.
Angle Class III Anomaly (class III malocclusion): Compared to normal bite (class I), if the upper six-year-old teeth are positioned further back than the lower six-year-old teeth, Angle class III bite is present. In Angle class III bite, the lower teeth are shifted forward by one premolar width.
Perpendicular Anomalies
Open Bite:When the other teeth in the lower and upper jaw are closing, some of the lower and upper teeth do not touch each other and there is a gap of various sizes in the vertical direction between them. It is called open bite. Open bite can be seen in the front or side area. In frontal open bites, patients cannot bite. covered it. The closure of the teeth in the anterior region may sometimes be so increased that the lower incisors come into contact with the palatal mucosa. They may be doing it. Accordingly, each time the jaw is closed, the lower incisors may cause irritation and injury to the anterior palate tissues.
Crossbite:It can be seen in a single tooth in the front area, in groups of teeth, and in the lateral area due to stenosis. It mostly negatively affects the development of the jaws.
Midline Discrepancy:The midline of the upper teeth and the midline of the lower teeth are the same. This is the case when it is not in the plane. This is usually accompanied by malocclusion in the posterior region.
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