1.Intrauterine Polyp (Endometrial Polyp)
Endometrial polyps are benign tumoral formations arising from the innermost layer of the uterus (endometrium), seen in approximately 1 in 10 women. Polyps, popularly known as "a piece of meat in the uterus", are usually detected by ultrasonography and sometimes aqueous-ultrasound (saline infusion sonography), but the definitive diagnosis is made by pathological examination of the polyp after it is removed by hysteroscopy or curettage.
Polyps generally increase the duration and amount of menstrual bleeding, and may cause complaints such as breakthrough bleeding, bleeding during menopause, and persistent brown discharge. Polyps larger than 1 cm may cause inability to become pregnant or miscarriage. Although the factors that cause polyps are not fully known, excess estrogen activity may cause this condition.
Endometrial polyps are common in patients receiving tamoxifen treatment for breast cancer. Most polyps do not cause any complaints, but when polyps are noticed they need to be removed.
2. Myomas
They are benign tumors that develop from the muscle tissue of the uterus and are seen in approximately 2 out of 5 women. Estrogen is held responsible as the main risk factor in myoma formation. Risk factors for myoma formation include obesity, familial predisposition, genetics, nutrition, early menstruation, never giving birth, and black race. Regular exercise, weight loss if obesity is present, and antioxidant nutrition can be considered as reducing risk factors.
There are various types of fibroids. These; They are myomas that grow within the muscle tissue of the uterus (intramural), towards the uterine cavity (submucous) and outside the uterus (subserous, intraligamentary), and their diameters can be of different sizes. Although myomas do not often cause complaints, depending on their location and size, they can cause an increase in the amount of menstrual bleeding, post-menstrual spotting, groin pain, and a change in urinary and bowel habits by putting pressure on neighboring organs.
For some of myomas, follow-up is sufficient. There is no definitive drug treatment. Myoma surgery is performed using two surgical techniques. One of them is performed with an open abdominal incision, and the other is performed with a closed, laparoscopic method.
Unfortunately, myomas can reoccur at a rate of 15-20%. The change that myomas make within themselves is called degeneration. Although this condition is very common during pregnancy, it can also occur outside pregnancy. It causes serious abdominal and groin pain. Myomas can show sarcomatous (cancerous) degeneration at a rate of approximately 5 in 1000, so myoma treatment and follow-up requires serious experience. .
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