Cough, which mostly occurs as a symptom of a disease in the chest, throat or abdominal cavity, is divided into 3 groups. A defense reflex arising from the stimulation of the respiratory tract mucosa and protecting the respiratory tract from obstructions and foreign substances.
Said for cough; The phrase "it is the guard dog of the lungs" is famous. A person can also cough voluntarily, but what is important is the cough that occurs involuntarily. Cough is the closing of the larynx entrance (glottis) following a deep breath and then opening with a noise, expelling air and foreign substances. Cough occurs as a result of stimulation of the endings of the 9th and 10th cranial nerves. The onset of the reflex may originate from the pharynx, larynx, ear, trachea, bronchi and pleura. As you move towards the smaller bronchi, the sensitivity of the cough reflex decreases. There are three separate phases in cough. The first phase is characterized by rapid and deep breathing, and at the end of this phase, the glottis closes. In the second phase, there is a forced air exhalation movement performed even though the glottis is closed. Meanwhile, the pressure of the air in the trachea and other parts of the lungs increases. The third and final phase occurs when the glottis suddenly opens and pressurized air is expelled, making a special sound. It has been determined that during cough, the air passing through the small bronchi moves at a speed of 0.5-2 meters per second, and the air passing through the glottis moves at a speed of 50-120 meters per second. These figures are enough to show how strongly foreign objects and sputum particles are expelled during coughing. The diaphragm muscle has been shown to contract in all three phases of cough. More than one coughing action is usually needed to bring the phlegm accumulated in the bronchi to the mouth. In this way, the secretions are gradually brought to the mouth.
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