***In DSM 4, eating problems related to infancy and childhood were separated from eating problems related to adulthood. However, in DSM 5, these have been combined on the grounds that the diagnosis and treatment are done in the same way whether they occur in childhood or adulthood.
Pika
(in infancy and childhood common)
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Constantly eating substances that have no nutritional value or have no nutritional value for at least 1 month.
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Nutritional value The attitude of eating non-food substances is not compatible with the developmental level of the person.
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This eating behavior is not a practice that has a cultural basis or can be considered socially normal.
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If this eating behavior occurs in the context of another mental disorder (e.g., immediate developmental disorder, autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia), it is severe enough to require additional clinical evaluation.
Rumination Disorder
(common in infancy and childhood)
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Removing frequently eaten food for at least 1 month. The expelled food can be re-chewed, re-swallowed or spit out.
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Frequent regurgitation cannot be attributed to an accompanying gastrointestinal disease or other health condition.
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This eating disorder does not occur only during the course of anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder, or avoidant/restricted food intake disorder.
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If these symptoms occur in the context of another mental disorder (e.g., immediate developmental disorder or another neurodevelopmental disorder), they are severe enough to require separate clinical evaluation.
Avoidant/Restricted Food Intake Disorder
A-Is manifested by persistent failure to meet appropriate nutritional and/or energy needs, accompanied by conditions related to the following substances: An eating disorder that shows
A significant nutritional deficiency
Reliance on enteral nutrition or oral nutritional supplements
Marked decline in psychosocial functioning
B-This disorder may occur due to lack of available food or a culturally approved practice. cannot be better explained.
C-This eating disorder does not occur exclusively during the course of anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa and is not a disorder of how a person perceives body weight or shape. no evidence.
D-This eating disorder is not attributable to a concurrent health condition or is not better explained by another mental disorder. If this eating disorder occurs in the context of another condition or disorder; It is more severe than the condition or disorder in question may cause and requires separate clinical attention
Anorexia Nervosa
(95% in girls, common in adolescents)
A-The attitude of restricting energy intake according to requirements leads to a significantly low body weight in the context of the person's age, gender, developmental path and physical health. Significantly low body weight is defined as below the lowest normal or, for children and adolescents, below the lowest expected weight.
B-Extreme fear or obvious fear of gaining weight or becoming fat. Although the person is at a somewhat low body weight, the person constantly engages in behaviors that make it difficult to gain weight.
C-There is a disorder in how the person perceives his or her body weight or shape, and the person's body is evaluated when evaluating himself. places undue importance on weight and shape, or fails to recognize the significance of the current low body weight.
Treatment:
Anorexia nervosa is a condition that can become life-threatening. It is a discomfort and most people tend to avoid treatment.
People with severe weight loss need to be treated in the hospital. First of all, it is a situation in which the person believes that he will not gain weight. agreed on the implementation of the regime. Cooperating with the person is very important at this point. Increasing rewards are given for daily weight gain in accordance with the agreement made. In addition, interviews with the family and psychotherapy are required. Efforts are made to change the person's wrong way of thinking based on eating behavior, to correct negative perceptions about his body, and to address and solve his problems. Antidepressants are mostly used in drug treatment.
Bulimia Nervosa
(10 times more common in women than men, common in adolescents)
A-Recurrent episodes of binge eating. A binge eating episode is characterized by these two items:
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Eating clearly more than most people would eat in a similar period of time under similar circumstances, in a discrete period of time (e.g., any two-hour period). eating.
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During this period, there is a feeling of losing control over eating (e.g., the feeling that the person cannot stop eating, the feeling of not being able to control what or how much he eats)
B-To avoid gaining weight, self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives, diuretics or other medications, eating almost nothing, or exercising excessively engaging in recurrent, inappropriate compensatory behaviors.
C-Both of these binge eating behaviors and inappropriate compensatory behaviors have occurred at least once a week for an average of 3 months.
>D-Self-evaluation is unduly influenced by body shape and weight.
E-This disorder occurs only during episodes of anorexia nervosa does not come out.
(Not heavy; on average 1-3 times a week,
Moderate; on average 4-7 times a week,
Heavy; on average 8-10 times a week,
Extremely; Having inappropriate preventive behavior 14 or more times a week on average)
Treatment:
Bulimia patients do not refuse help as in Anorexia, they even seek help. People with bulimia nervosa can usually be treated on an outpatient basis. Generally, treatment is given with antidepressant medications. But medication alone is not enough. Cognitive-behavioral psychotherapy should definitely be applied. Even if these symptoms can be stopped with medication and psychotherapy, relapses occur in the majority of patients.
Binge Eating Disorder
A-Recurrent binge eating periods. A binge eating episode is characterized by both of these items:
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Eating clearly more than most people would eat in a similar period of time under similar circumstances, in a discrete period of time (e.g., any two-hour period). eating.
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During this period, there is a feeling of loss of control over eating (e.g., the feeling that the person cannot stop eating, that he cannot control what or how much he eats)
B-At least three of these substances cause periods of binge eating
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Eating much faster than usual.
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Eating until you feel uncomfortably full.
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Eating excessively when you don't feel physically hungry.
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Feeling ashamed of how much you eat.
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Later, experiencing self-disgust, depression, or great guilt.
C- There is a distinct distress associated with binge eating.
D-These binge eating behaviors have occurred at least once a week for an average of 3 months.
E-Binge eating occurs as in bulimia nervosa. It is not accompanied by recurrent inappropriate compensatory behaviors such as binge eating, and binge eating does not occur only during the course of bulimia nervosa or anorexia nervosa.
(Non-severe; on average 1-3 times a week,
Moderate; on average 4-7 times a week,
Heavy; on average 8-13 times a week,
Extremely; binge eating 14 or more times per week on average)
Other Specified Feeding and Eating Disorder
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Atypical Anorexia Nervosa: Anorexia except when the person's body weight is within or above normal limits despite significant weight loss. All diagnostic criteria for black nervosa are met.
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Bulimia Nervosa (low frequency and/or limited duration): Binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behaviors occur on average, All diagnostic criteria for bulimia nervosa are met except less than once a week or for less than 3 months.
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Binge eating disorder (low frequency and/or limited duration): All diagnostic criteria for binge eating disorder are met except that the binge eating occurs less than once a week, on average, and/or lasts less than 3 months.
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Purge. disorder: Recurrent purging behavior, without binge eating, to affect body weight or shape (e.g., self-induced vomiting or misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or other medications).
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Night eating disorder: Recurrent episodes of night eating, manifested by waking up from sleep and eating or consuming excessive food after dinner. One is aware of eating and remembers eating. Night eating is not better explained by external influences, such as changes in a person's sleep-wake cycle or local social values. Eating at night causes significant distress and/or decreased functioning. The disordered eating pattern is not better explained by another mental disorder, including binge eating disorder or substance use, and is not attributable to another health condition or the effect of medication.
Unspecified Feeding and Eating Disorder
When clinicians do not want to determine the specific reason for not meeting the diagnostic criteria for any specific feeding and eating disorder and there is sufficient information to make a more specific diagnosis. It is used in situations where it is not available (e.g. in emergency room conditions).
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