What are the sources of vitamin D?
While 10-20% of vitamin D is taken with food, the majority (80-90%) is synthesized in the skin under the influence of sunlight. For synthesis, sunlight must come into direct contact with the skin. At the latitude of our country, the most effective synthesis occurs between May and November and between 10-15 o'clock. If the whole body is exposed to sunlight, sufficient vitamin D synthesis can occur within 15-45 minutes. Since protective creams with a factor level of 15 or more prevent sunlight from reaching the skin, sufficient vitamin synthesis cannot be achieved. In addition, sunlight received from behind glass is useless for vitamin D synthesis.
What should be the level of Vitamin D in the blood?
Serum 25(OH) vitamin D level is 30. It should be above ng/ml (75 nmol/L). Vitamin D level is considered "insufficient" if it is between 20 and 30 ng/ml (50-75 nmol/L), and "deficiency" if it is below 20 ng/ml (50 nmol/L).
What are the Causes of Vitamin D Deficiency?
Not getting enough vitamin D from food, not being exposed to sunlight at the right time and in the right way, living in northern latitudes, being older, air pollution, dark skin. Vitamin D deficiency may develop in case of sunburn or sunscreen use.
Vitamin D deficiency may also occur in cases of stomach and intestinal absorption problems and operations, pancreatic insufficiency, liver cirrhosis, and kidney diseases.
What signs and symptoms occur in vitamin D deficiency?
Although most patients do not have any signs and symptoms, clinical signs and symptoms depend on the degree and duration of vitamin D deficiency. In severe and long-term vitamin D deficiency, osteoporosis, widespread bone-muscle pain, bone sensitivity, muscle weakness, difficulty in walking and bone fractures may develop.
How should Vitamin D deficiency be prevented and treated?
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If the vitamin D level is below 30 ng/ml, treatment is required. The goal of treatment is to keep the serum 25(0H)vitamin D level between 30-50 ng/ml. The daily vitamin D requirement for adults is determined as 800-1500 IU. Adequate calcium intake along with vitamin D (daily 1000 mg) should be provided.
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