Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), one of the most common disorders of childhood, is a psychiatric disorder that can lead to extremely important academic, social and psychiatric problems.
ADHD in a person. In order to be able to talk about , it is expected that there are symptoms from 3 basic areas such as being easily distracted, hyperactivity and impulsivity (doing what comes to mind immediately, acting without thinking about the consequences), and these symptoms are expected to be at a level that will negatively affect at least one area in the person's life.
The most frequently expressed complaints by families are as follows; "He doesn't hear us, he doesn't do what we say, or he does it after saying or shouting many times, he can't do his simple daily tasks, he is very persistent and tries until we get him to do what he says."
Their teachers describe these children as "very active, cannot sit in one place for a long time, interacts with their surroundings in the classroom." They define it with sentences such as "he is too interested, he does not listen to the lesson, he gets up frequently, he talks without permission, he does not obey the rules, he acts without thinking."
ADHD is not a simple problem limited to these symptoms only. A child with ADHD is a child who constantly receives warnings and criticism from those around him, and whose self-confidence is likely to be shaken due to being unwanted, excluded and disappointed.
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WHAT ARE THE MAIN SYMPTOMS OF ADHD
1. Attention Deficit
The duration and intensity of attentionis less than it should be for the person's age. It manifests itself with symptoms such as inability to focus attention on a certain point and being easily distracted, disorganization, forgetfulness, losing belongings, making careless mistakes
The subject that really attracts the attention of children with attention deficit The fact that they can sustain their attention for a long time in activities or activities causes parents to think that there is no problem with the child's attention, but this does not exclude the diagnosis of attention deficit.
2.Hyperactivity:
Excessive activity is a condition that is not appropriate for the age and development of the individual. is that it is mobile in a way. It manifests itself with symptoms such as not being able to sit still for a long time, fidgeting with hands and feet while sitting, being on the move most of the time, and talking too much.
3 .Impulsivity
In general, it is the individual's problem in controlling his/her behavior. These people act without thinking about the possible consequences before doing something. It manifests itself with symptoms such as haste, inability to postpone requests, interruption, doing what you think immediately, saying what comes to your mind as soon as it comes to your mind, and having difficulty waiting your turn.
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ARE THERE DIFFERENT TYPES OF ADHD?
Although children diagnosed with ADHD have many similar characteristics, they are all different from each other. Attention deficit, hyperactivity and impulsivity, which are the three basic symptoms of ADHD, are seen at different rates and severity in each child.
There are three different types of ADHD according to the distribution of basic symptoms;
Combined. type
Type with lack of attention
Type with excessive mobility
WHAT KIND OF PROBLEMS MAY BE OBSERVED IN CHILDREN WITH ADHD?
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They may experience delays in learning daily routine tasks
“They do everything they need to do. We remind them of the job”
“They never take action without us telling them”
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They may experience a delay in social maturity.
“He has become a big kid, he still plays with toys and watches cartoons”
“Will he ever grow up?”
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Disorganization and disorganization are one of the most common symptoms.
“His room is a mess”
“He constantly loses things”
“His clothes are messy”
“His notebooks are very disorganized”
“His desk is a mess, I can't get anyone to sit next to him”
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Emotional hypersensitivity; They can show hypersensitivity to almost all kinds of stimuli.
"He gets uncomfortable even with the inner seams of his clothes."
"He never wears clothes he doesn't like or is uncomfortable with again."
“He first looks at the appearance and smell of the food, and if he doesn't like it, he never tastes it.”
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They are very variable.
“One memory does not match the next”
“He is very happy but suddenly becomes angry”
“His success is very variable, he gets good and bad grades even in the exams of the same course. ”
“You never know what to do or when”
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They may experience problems with motor skills and coordination difficulties.
“He is very clumsy”
“He bumps into doors and objects while walking”
“His feet get tangled up in each other while running”
“While eating He spills and spills so much that we cannot eat together”
“He falls and gets injured so much that there is no place left on him that does not have scars”
“He cannot learn to tie his shoes”
“The way he holds a pen is very different”
“His writing is so ugly Even he can't read.”
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Forgetfulness is a very common problem. he remembers, but he does not remember what was said a minute ago”
“I tell him to do something, he does something else”
“When he goes to the kitchen, he forgets what to buy”
“In the evening He forgets what I teach him in the morning”
“He doesn't remember where he put his things”
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Aggressive behavior may be seen
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Genetic Factors
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Environmental Factors
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A psychiatric interview is held with the family and the child.
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The family is asked to fill out some scales.
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A psychiatric examination of the child is performed.
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The child is given some tests (evaluating intelligence, verbal and numerical learning, auditory and visual attention areas). tests) are applied.
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Information is obtained from the school and teachers, and the scales are filled in.
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To control ADHD symptoms,
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Weary family, school, friendships To repair relationships,
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To provide the individual with age-appropriate self-management skills,
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To improve the quality of life.
“He can't see anything when he gets angry”
“He often fights with his friends”
“He damages things”
WHAT ARE THE CAUSES OF ADHD?
Recent research focuses on problems in the chemical structure of the brain. It is known that there are problems with substances such as dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline, which transmit messages in the brain. Although the causes of these problems are not fully defined, two groups of risk factors have been identified.
The most common family members of children with ADHD We see that at least one of them has similar symptoms.
The rate of having similar problems in their parents is 2-8 times higher than normal children, and the rate of their siblings having similar problems is 2-3 times higher than normal children.
Rather than directly causing ADHD, they increase the risk of ADHD in predisposed individuals.
Environmental causes such as smoking, alcohol use of the mother during pregnancy, excessive stress, malnutrition, premature birth, low birth weight, birth complications and some postpartum diseases have been identified.
HOW IS ADHD DIAGNOSED? ADHD It is a clinical diagnosis made by evaluating the data from all these areas by the physician. If deemed necessary by the physician, laboratory tests and imaging methods can also be used to make a differential diagnosis.
HOW IS ADHD TREATED?
Treatment goals;
Medicines are largely effective in controlling ADHD symptoms. After starting drug treatment, a 70-90% improvement in symptoms is seen within 2-3 months at the latest.
After ADHD symptoms are controlled, psychosocial treatments are necessary to achieve other treatment goals.
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