Learning disability means that children whose intelligence level may be normal or above normal have difficulty in perceiving or processing reading, writing, listening or verbal expression or understanding the information learned in the mathematical field. Each individual's learning path may be different. Just as every person has a personality, character, voice, thoughts and differences, that child's way of learning may also be different. For example, a child may have very good drawing skills and hand-eye coordination, but may have difficulty reading or writing. School achievements are lower than expectations. While they achieve very good results in some courses, they can get low grades in some courses.
One of the branches of learning difficulties is Reading disorder (Dyslexia). These children can learn to read with great difficulty. Can write letters backwards. May swallow letters or make additions while reading. Another characteristic of children with learning disabilities is that they have difficulty writing (dysgraphia). They may mix up many letters while writing. In some words, they can replace letters that are not related to each other. They make a lot of mistakes in spelling and punctuation. Expression difficulties may also be observed in some of these children. Language development is delayed. They may not be able to form long and fluent sentences. They may have difficulty understanding what they read and explaining it to the other person. They may have difficulty learning the multiplication tables. They cannot solve problems.
Motor development may be below normal levels in some children with learning disabilities. Fine motor development is insufficient. They have great difficulty in areas such as using spoons and forks, handicrafts, cutting scissors, painting, patching pictures, and writing.
We can summarize the preschool symptoms as follows. They have difficulty learning numbers, letters, colors, shapes, and days of the week. They have difficulty drawing, painting or cutting with scissors. They may have difficulty understanding the instructions correctly and following them. They have difficulty in learning fine motor movements, such as zipping, tying their shoes, and buttoning up buttons.
Children with learning disabilities can quickly forget what they have learned. While you can get better results in oral exams, you can get better results in written exams. They get lower grades in the final exams. If they constantly receive criticism, they may experience lack of self-confidence. They may be reluctant to do homework, study, or go to school. As a result of this situation, the teacher or family begins to wonder if there is a problem with the child's intelligence.
Suggestions
It may not be easy to understand a learning disability immediately. It is very important to diagnose and intervene early. The most effective treatment method is individual training by a specialist. In this education, it should be determined how the child learns and those areas should be supported and strengthened. Problems may differ in children with learning disabilities. While some children may have difficulties only in the arithmetic field, in others this disorder may be seen in more than one area. For this reason, standard programs cannot be applied in the education and treatment of children. A team effort consisting of mothers, fathers, teachers and experts should be initiated. Patience should be shown to the child. Children should not be compared to other children. He should not be blamed. As parents, we should frequently praise the child for his success and the areas he can do in order to regain his self-confidence. Work done at home should be adjusted according to the child's attention span.
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