In the name of Mahler and psychopathology; We can say that it studies the effects of the mother-child relationship established between the ages of 0-3, first on childhood and then on personality patterns. The pathologies he researched during childhood through attachment theory are depression and anxiety. These are:
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Infant Depression
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Analytical Depression
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Psychic Hospitalization
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Separation Anxiety Disorder
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Reactive Attachment Disorder of Infancy or Young Childhood
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Narcissistic Personality Disorder
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Borderline Personality Disorder
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Schizoid Personality Disorder
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The feeling of reunion
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Uniqueness
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Admired
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Excellent
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Deserving
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Panic
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Despair
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Despair
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Masturbation
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Sadomazo relationships
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Getting closer to the same person, even if they are not interested
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Drugs
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Gambling
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Adrenaline-increasing actions
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Feeling good
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Being Interested
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Loving
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Nourishment
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Criminal Anger
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Severe Depression
In addition, Mahler, who touched upon personality disorders in the adult period, established a cause and effect relationship between personality disorders and the mother-child relationship. These disorders are:
Infant Depression
It will cause infant depression The basic situation is interruptions in the bonding process of mother and baby. If this interruption is short; short-term maternal deprivation, if long; Long-term maternal deprivation is observed.
Analytical Depression:
In this disease that occurs due to short-term maternal deprivation, the mother's 3 When it shows its presence again within a month, positive returns and improvement are experienced in the symptoms. During the first separation from the mother or caregiver, the child experiences long-lasting and intense crying, and the cries that end are repeated when a stranger comes to him. When they remain silent, they appear tired and resentful. The period called the "protest period" gives feedback such as a decrease in the eating process, weight loss, slowdown in physical development, difficulty in defecation or diarrhea. The child, who becomes stagnant in the 2nd or 3rd week of the absence of a caregiver, enters the "depressive period" during this period. If the caregiver is not involved in the process within two months, the child's emotional reactions will gradually deteriorate, becoming limited and dull. Reactions not shown to influences are the part of this process called the "withdrawal period". is. When the caregiver returns in three months, the child's symptoms will decrease and the child will gradually return to a healthy state. The child desires the mother or caregiver, but in a way he is angry about the abandonment he experienced. When the person (caregiver) arrives, the child who is in the introverted period tends to resist the person. Although the person is remembered, he feels the anger of abandonment and the fear of repeating this abandonment. In the adult period of some of such children, emotionless personality typologies can be observed, which are indicated by partial or almost non-existent affectivity and emotional withdrawal in their emotional relationships.
Psychic Hospitalization:
In this disease caused by long-term maternal deprivation, it takes more than 3 months for the mother to return. It is a condition observed in newborn or infancy children who are not with their parents and are in orphanages. So much so that such a process occurs due to the absence of a mother and the bond that cannot be established. Children who are deprived of a relationship with their mother or a caregiver are deficient in cognitive and emotional development. For this type of children, difficult and delayed answers to questions or any behavior that involves expectation of response and lack of attention to environmental situations are observed. They show routine, systematic behaviors such as rocking on their own, chewing as if there is something in their mouth, and so on. Such behaviors are actually actions that create a stimulus for the child. However, they engage in hedonistic behaviors such as thumb sucking and some rhythmic physical movements. When the process becomes more pronounced, pseudomental retardation may become a chronic condition.
Short-term and long-term maternal deprivation syndromes are not included in DSM-IV. It is categorized under the name reactive attachment disorder in DSM-III.
Separation Anxiety Disorder:
Although it is included in the DSM-IV under the category of "Other Disorders of Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence" It is a disease that is mostly seen in children between the ages of 1 and 3. r is a disorder. It is the child's anxiety about possible parental loss due to pathological attachment in the mother-child relationship. This disease, which is more likely to be detected when starting nursery, manifests itself in similar social situations such as the child not being able to stay in an environment without the parent he/she adopts, not being able to do a job that needs to be done, not being able to participate in the game alone. In addition, silence and failure to communicate with the adult are observed when the parent is present, and crying with intense anxiety when the mother wants to leave the environment.
Reactive Attachment Disorder of Infancy or Young Childhood:
It is a disorder that is seen before the age of 5, and considering the development process, it is possible to observe an unusual communication with the environment. Problems are observed in communication with the environment (other people). The help offered while the process is taking place may not be accepted by the child. A withdrawn situation and a neutral (emotionless) expression attract attention.
Personality Disorders
For Mahler, who draws attention to the structure and functioning of personality disorders within the theory, the unhealthy mother-child relationship is Narcissistic, Borderline, Narcissistic in adulthood. and Schizoid Personality Disorders. While studying these pathologies, he examined some of the emotion, thought and behavior processes within emotional relationships in two parts, based on three personality pathologies. These sections; libidinal affect and abandonment depression episodes. All three personality disorders show similar emotions, thoughts and behaviors within their own personality patterns in the described sections.
Narcissistic Personality Disorder:
Narcissistic Personality Disorder:
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According to Mahler's theory, the narcissistic person stuck in the Practice Phase, which is the sub-phase of the Re-engagement Period, always sees himself positively, while the other person is to blame for any negative situation. When an individual encounters a problem, he tends to exclude, postpone, package and put away the problem rather than producing a solution to eliminate the negative situation that may exist. In the relationship with the mother Unrealistic exaltations and compliments from the mother, rewards greater than the degree of the action, and, especially in a negative behavior, glossing over the incident or blaming the other person instead of giving responsibility may be the causes of the narcissistic personality pattern in childhood. To give an example that is frequently seen in the culture of raising children in Turkey; It is possible to choose the question "Who made you cry?" when the mother comes and asks the child when he/she accidentally bumped into her and started to cry due to the impact and uneasiness of the impact. The subtext in this question is, "You are the good one and you never cry." If you are crying, someone must have made you cry. Whatever makes you cry (including inanimate objects such as a coffee table or carpet) is bad, guilty and should be punished. After this question, of course, cries of punishment come: "Here's the carpet, here's the coffee table, here you go!"
So, considering the narcissistic personality structure, libidinal affect and abandonment depression, what kind of feelings, thoughts and behavior patterns do they establish in emotional relationships?
During the Libidinal Affect Period:
Object It is in a "fused" state.
Self state; supreme, unique, special.
During the Abandonment Depression Period:
The object is in a ''leaving'' state.
Self state; fragmented, worthless, undeserving.
Behaviors Seen in Abandonment Depression:
There is no tendency to commit suicide.
Borderline Personality Disorder:
According to Mahler's theory, Reintimacy For Borderline stuck in the Overcoming Period; There is constant questioning of self-worth, love, and intimacy. Moments when he feels inadequate creates a tendency to commit suicide. By surrendering his ego to the other person, he tries to comply with the rules and lifestyle of others. It is especially likely to be seen in children of mothers with narcissistic patterns. After a while, the child, whose ego, which begins to form at an early age, is constantly invaded by the narcissistic mother, becomes obliged to surrender. The child, who resists and conflicts with the mother for a while, then gives up and surrenders his ego, which strives for existence, to the other person (mother) before it can fully form. Thus, decision mechanisms that operate through individual thought processes cannot be formed. A personality typology is formed that takes the shape of the container it is in, so to speak, and cannot survive if it cannot find a container. While this is the only value area that can create his non-existent self-worth, on the other hand, he feels anger towards the person to whom he surrendered his ego (for surrendering his ego).
During the Libidinal Affect Period:
The object is in the "sticking" state .
Self state; good, obedient, passive, lover, child (su).
During Abandonment Depression:
The object is in a "moving away, abandoning" state.
Self state; inadequate, bad, ugly, abandoned.
Behaviors seen in abandonment depression include suicide attempts.
Schizoid. Personality Disorder:
According to Mahler's theory, it is seen in children whose mothers had no connection with their mothers during childhood, who met the child's needs but did not provide emotional support, and in other words, adopted a robotic attitude. Perhaps, although she meets the child's basic needs in a much more timely and effective manner than most mothers, mother-child bonding cannot occur due to the love and value she does not show. The emotional bond of trust is missing. Such a
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