Obesity is among the most important health problems of developed and developing countries today.
The increasing incidence has attracted attention to this issue all over the world. Bad
nutrition style, sedentary life, genetic characteristics of the individual increase the risk of obesity.
In an obese individual, the ratio of body fat mass to fat-free mass increases excessively.
What is the Frequency of Obesity?
In our country, as in other countries in the world, the prevalence of obesity is increasing day by day.
Obesity frequency in Turkey:
• 20.5% in men
• In women 41.0%
• It was found to be 30.3% in total
.
Those who are overweight are 34.6% in total, and those who are overweight and obese are 64.9%. , the rate of those who are very obese
was found to be 2.9%.
What are the Obesity Risk Factors?
The main risk factors in the formation of obesity include education level, socio-cultural factors, income.
condition, excessive and wrong eating habits, insufficient physical activity, age, gender, genetic factors,
psychological problems, frequent application of very low energy diets, smoking and alcohol use,
hormonal and metabolic factors, some drugs used (antidepressants, etc.), number of births and the time between births.
How is Obesity Defined and Classified?
In the recognition, classification and Body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference are often measured to determine the type of obesity. BMI can be calculated by dividing the body weight in kilograms by the square of the height in meters (Body weight/height 2) and its unit is kg/m2. A BMI of less than 18.5
kg/m2 is considered underweight, 18.5-25 kg/m2 is considered normal, 25-30 kg/m2 is considered overweight, robust, bulky or pre-obese. A BMI greater than thirty kg/m2 indicates obesity. Obesity can be subdivided into stage I (BMI
30-40), stage II (BMI 40-50) and stage III (BMI>50). However, BMI does not provide information about body fat
distribution. The place where increased fat tissue accumulates is also important. Because there is fat accumulated under the skin
and especially in the hip area. While � tissue (pear-type obesity, female-type obesity) does not show a close relationship with obesity-related diseases; Apple-shaped obesity, also known as male-pattern obesity, which is the accumulation of fat tissue in the belly area, poses a greater risk for diseases. Waist circumference over 102 centimeters in men and 88 centimeters in women
(The International Diabetes Federation-IDF-2005 reduced these figures to 94 and 80 cm) was found to be associated with the risk of cardiovascular
disease.
What are the health problems caused by obesity?
– Insulin resistance – Hyperinsulinemia
– Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
– Hypertension
– Coronary artery disease
– Hyperlipidemia – Hypertriglyceridemia
– Metabolic syndrome
– Gallbladder diseases
– Some types of cancer (gallbladder, endometrium, ovarian and breast cancers in women, colon and prostate cancers in men)
/> – Osteoarthritis
– Stroke
– Sleep apnea
– Fatty liver
– Asthma
– Breathing difficulty
– Pregnancy complications
– Menstruation irregularities
– Excessive hair growth
– Increased risks of surgery
– Mental problems (Anorexia nervosa (not eating) or Blumia nervosa (not benefiting from the food eaten by vomiting), Binge eating (binge eating) , night eating syndrome
or trying to achieve psychological satisfaction by eating more of something)
– Social incompatibilities
– Excessive subcutaneous fat tissue, especially as a result of losing and gaining weight at frequent intervals
Skin infections, fungal infections in the groin and feet due to /> – Musculoskeletal problems
The cause of excess body fat in obese people; thyroid, adrenal, ovary. There may be pituitary disorders, insulin resistance and
genetic problems. At this point, Endocrinologists; They investigate and treat overweight and obese patients for metabolic and hormonal problems.
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